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S everal states are moving forward with efforts to fund studies involving human embryonic stem cells. Even though most of these programs are still in the embryonic stages themselves, they may prove to have an enduring effect on the field. In August 2001, President Bush signed an executive order limiting the use of federal funds for research involving human embryonic stem cells to lines that were already established at the time. Even if the current federal policy were overturned, a law passed in 1995 already barred federally funded scientists from any work that destroys a human embryo, which is required to create a new cell line with current technology. At least partly because of these federal policies, New Jersey became the fi rst state to approve its own funding for embryonic stem cell research in 2004 and has appropriated $23 million for grants so far. Since then, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York have established funds for stem cell research or are working toward doing so ( see box). Lawmakers in Florida and Washington are also debating whether to launch stem cell funding initiatives. Meanwhile, private foundations and other philanthropic entities are moving to support the work of individual institutions and researchers, albeit to a lesser extent. The California effort, which is by far the biggest and boldest so far, is also one of the farthest along. Now entering its second round of funding, the state plan has had to follow a bumpy road to get as far as it has. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the entity established to dole out the state’s research dollars, has only recently been able to issue its fi rst bonds, after several years of lawsuits challenging the state’s authority to operate the program. Although the courts eventually rejected those arguments, the lawsuits delayed the issuing of any bonds to fund the institute, which was initially fi nanced and made grants only with the help of private donations. Other states have faced similar hurdles, such as Massachusetts, where the legislature eventually overrode the governor’s veto, and Florida, where competing constitutional amendments — one to fund stem cell research and one to ban such funding — go before the electorate next year.

Researchers Hope State Stem Cell Efforts Last