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Background Frequent users of emergency departments (FUED; 5 ED visits during the preceding 12 months) account for a disproportionate part of ED visits, causing a wide range of work difficulties to ED staff potentially leading to FUED discrimination. Whereas case management (CM) tailored to FUED leads to a reduction in ED visits, CM impact on ED staff has not been explored yet. This study aimed to compare ED staff perceptions of FUED with and without dedicated CM support. Methods Participants (N = 253) were ED staff (81 physicians; 172 nurses/assistant nurses) of two Swiss university hospitals, one with CM and one without CM support. Perceptions regarding FUED (i.e., knowledge and awareness of the issue extent; related work difficulties; FUEDs’ legitimate use of ED resources) were measured with a 25-item online survey (4 to 10-level Likert scales). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to 1) explore the associations between CM implementation and FUED perceptions, and 2) test the moderating effect of profession (physician or nurse/nurse assistant) on these associations. All analyses were adjusted by gender and years of practical experience. Results Physicians with CM considered FUED as a less important problem (=.375, R2=.11, p &amp;lt;.05) and rated their knowledge of FUED issue higher (=.245, R2=.077, p &amp;lt;.05) compared to those without CM. In contrast, nurses without CM perceived fewer FUED-related work difficulties (i.e., feeling of failure and helplessness) than nurses with CM. (=-1.01, R2=.06, p &amp;lt;.05) No significant difference was found regarding ED staff’s perceptions of FUEDs’ legitimate use of ED resources and frequentation, nor on nurses’ knowledge of the issue. Conclusions These results suggest that CM intervention for FUED is a potential source of support for ED physicians working with FUED. Further qualitative research is needed to explore why nurses without CM support reported feeling less failure and helplessness regarding FUED. Key messages By highlighting a different impact of CM on nurses’ perception, this study illustrates where CM intervention might be improved. This study supports CM as a promising intervention for FUED by potentially having a positive impact on ED physicians’ perception besides the one previously proved on FUEDs’ number of visits and QOL.

Does case management provides support for staff facing frequent users of emergency departments?