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Sensitive detection of deoxyribonucleic acid at ultra low concentrations by SERRS. Graham, D. (University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom). Genetic research programs such as the human genome project have demonstrated the need for selective detection of nucleic acids at ultra low concentrations (1,2). Current detection techniques require amplification of the genetic material by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detection of the amplified product by fluorescence. A new accurate and reliable method for DNA detection has been developed based on adsorption of DNA on colloidal silver and subsequent signal detection using surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). Improved surface and aggregation chemistry, utilizing modified DNA and a novel aggregating agent, has resulted in acceptable reproduciblity for biological applications. The increased sensitivity circumvents the need for an amplification step and the widespread fluorescence quenching inherent in SERRS greatly extends the range of effective DNA labels by enabling the use of both non-fluorescent and fluorescent chromophores. Further, compared to fluorescence, much greater selectivity is obtained due to sharp vibrational spectra observed thus reducing the need for separation procedures. Overall, the advantages of the method eliminate the need for time consuming amplification steps and provide a new dimension to labeling chemistry and multiplex analysis of DNA. (1) McKusick, V. A. FASEB 1991, 5, 12-20. (2) Cui, X.; Li, H.; Goradia, T. M.; Lange, K.; Kazazian, H. H.; Galas, D.; Arnheim, N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989, 86, 9389-9393.

The San Diego Conference: Nucleic Acid Technology: The Cutting Edge of Discovery; November 6–8, 1997