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The spatial topological properties of cortical regions vary across individuals. Connectivity-based functional and anatomical cortical mapping in individuals will facilitate research on structure-function relationships. However, individual-specific cortical topographic properties derived from anatomical connectivity are less explored than those based on functional connectivity. We aimed to develop a novel individualized anatomical connectivity-based parcellation framework and investigate individual differences in spatial topographic features of cortical regions using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography. Using a high-quality, repeated-session dMRI dataset (42 subjects, 2 sessions per subject), cortical parcels were derived through in vivo anatomical connectivity-based parcellation. These individual-specific parcels demonstrated good within-individual reproducibility and reflected interindividual differences in anatomical brain organization. Connectivity in these individual-specific parcels was significantly more homogeneous than that based on the group atlas. We found that the position, size, and topography of these anatomical parcels were highly variable across individuals and demonstrated nonredundant information about individual differences. Finally, we found that intersubject variability in anatomical connectivity was correlated with the diversity of anatomical connectivity patterns. Overall, we identified cortical parcels that show homogeneous anatomical connectivity patterns. These parcels displayed marked intersubject spatial variability, which may be used in future functional studies to reveal structure-function relationships in the human brain.

Individualized Cortical Parcellation Based on Diffusion MRI Tractography