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Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) of specific high-risk type triggers a series of events in target cells, which will eventually lead to development of genital neoplasia. The integration of high-risk HPV DNA into the cell genome has been regarded as a crucial event in tumor progression. With respect to different HPV types, the knowledge of HPV integrated loci is still limited. We have now determined the genomic variation and chromosomal location of HPV 33 DNA in the cell line UT-DEC-1, established from a vaginal mild dysplasia lesion. The viral sequence of the cell line was determined, and a variant of the prototype HPV 33 strain was identified, showing nucleotide substitutions resulting in amino acid changes in the E2, L2 and E4 open reading frames. In late passage UT-DEC-1 cells, a deletion of more than half of the 3' part of E1 and major parts of the E2 and E4 genes provided evidence for integration. The flanking sequences of the integration site were completely homologous to published sequences from chromosomal band 5p14, and remained unchanged in all subclones established from late passage cells. There were no chromosomal deletions or gross rearrangements at the integration site, and only a single heterozygotic copy of HPV 33 was detected. The karyotype of late passage cells showed only minor changes compared with early passage cells. During passaging of the cell line, there were progressive changes towards a malignant phenotype, and in parallel to this, the cells carrying episomal HPV 33 of the early passages was completely superseded by cells containing the integrated virus. Thus, our results show that this single copy heterozygote integration of HPV 33 into chromosome band 5p14 appears to be associated with emergence of cells escaping senescence, and with growth advantage compared with cells carrying episomal virus.

Single copy heterozygote integration of HPV 33 in chromosomal band 5p14 is found in an epithelial cell clone with selective growth advantage