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Parity in humans and rats provides significant protection against mammary tumor development. This study was carried out to investigate whether treatment of parous rats with mammotropic hormones would affect methyl-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Parous rats were treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and thyroxine (T4) alone or in combination. E2 (20 microg/60 days) and P4 (20 mg/60 days) were administered by silastic tubing and T4 in the drinking water (3 microg T4/ml). Hormonal treatments commenced 7 days before MNU injection and continued for 33 weeks. Animals were palpated weekly for tumor detection. The effects of the hormonal treatments on the circulating concentrations of E2, P4, growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), T4 and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) after 7 days of treatment, the time of MNU injection, was assessed. Animals treated with E2 had significantly elevated circulation concentrations of GH, PRL and P4, and serum levels of E2 were more consistent in this group than in the other animal groups. P4 treatment caused elevation in P4 concentration in serum but did not affect the circulating levels of other hormones. The proliferation of the mammary gland at the time of MNU injection was elevated in animal groups treated with E2 either alone or with P4 and T4 and in animals treated with P4 alone, but the mammary gland was most differentiated in untreated parous rats and least in animals treated with E2 either alone or with P4 and T4. Mammary tumor incidence was 10% in parous rats that did not receive any hormonal treatment. Treatments with E2 or P4 alone significantly increased the susceptibility of parous animals to 67 and 50.0%, respectively; a tumor incidence similar to that of untreated AMV rats (64%). Parous rats treated with E2 plus P4 had tumor incidence higher than 90%. T4 administered did not affect mammary carcinogenesis.

Parous rats regain high susceptibility to chemically induced mammary cancer after treatment with various mammotropic hormones