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We report the investigation of an  Aquilegia flavescens  ×  A. formosa  population in British Columbia that is disjunct from its parents—the latter species is present locally but ecologically separated, while the former is entirely absent. To confirm hybridity, we used multivariate analysis of floral characters of field-sampled populations to ordinate phenotypes of putative hybrids in relation to those of the parental species. Microsatellite genotypes at 11 loci from 72 parental-type and putative hybrid individuals were analysed to assess evidence for admixture. Maternally inherited plastid sequences were analysed to infer the direction of hybridization and test hypotheses on the origin of the orphan hybrid population. Plants from the orphan hybrid population are on average intermediate between typical  A. formosa  and  A. flavescens  for most phenotypes examined and show evidence of genetic admixture. This population lies beyond the range of  A. flavescens , but within the range of  A. formosa . No pure  A. flavescens  individuals were observed in the vicinity, nor is this species known to occur within 200 km of the site. The hybrids share a plastid haplotype with local  A. formosa  populations. Alternative explanations for this pattern are evaluated. While we cannot rule out long-distance pollen dispersal followed by proliferation of hybrid genotypes, we consider the spread of an  A. formosa  plastid during genetic swamping of a historical  A. flavescens  population to be more parsimonious.

On the origin of orphan hybrids betweenAquilegia formosaandAquilegia flavescens