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Chlorophylls are degraded and flavonoids synthesized during autumn senescence of deciduous trees. In the present study, chlorophyll and flavonol contents of individual leaves were monitored non-destructively throughout the autumn. Loss of chlorophyll and synthesis of flavonols were not gradual. Instead, each leaf maintained steady chlorophyll content until rapid chlorophyll degradation, accompanied by flavonol synthesis, was triggered. In ~1 week, the leaf turns yellow and falls. The pattern was similar in birch ( Betula pendula ), maple ( Acer platanoides ) and bird cherry ( Prunus padus ); in rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ), very slow gradual chlorophyll degradation occurred on top of the main pattern.

Degradation of chlorophyll and synthesis of flavonols during autumn senescence—the story told by individual leaves