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The biodiversity and productivity of theAmazon floodplain depend onnutrients and organicmatter transportedwith suspended sediments. Nevertheless, there are still fundamental unknowns about howhydrological and rainfall variability influence sediment flux in the AmazonRiver. To address this gap, we analyzed 3069 sediment samples collected every 10 days during 1995–2014 atfive gauging stations located in themain rivers.We have two distinct fractions of suspended sediments, fine (clay and silt) and coarse (sand), which followed contrasting seasonal and long-termpatterns. By taking these dynamics into account, it was estimated, for first time, in the Amazon plain, that the suspended sedimentflux separatelymeasured approximately 60%fine and 40%coarse sediment.We find that thefine suspended sediments flux is linked to rainfall and higher coarse suspended sedimentflux is relatedwith discharge. Additionally this work presents the time lag between rainfall and discharge, which is related to the upstream area of the gauging. This result is an important contribution to knowledge of biological and geomorphological issues in Amazon basin.

Rainfall control on Amazon sediment flux: synthesis from 20 years of monitoring