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Performing a faithful transfer of an unknown quantum state is a key challengefor enabling quantum networks. The realization of networks with a small numberof quantum links is now actively pursued, which calls for an assessment ofdifferent state transfer methods to guide future design decisions. Here, wetheoretically investigate quantum state transfer between two distant qubits,each in a cavity, connected by a waveguide, e.g., an optical fiber. We evaluatethe achievable success probabilities of state transfer for two differentprotocols: standard wave packet shaping and adiabatic passage. The main losssources are transmission losses in the waveguide and absorption losses in thecavities. While special cases studied in the literature indicate that adiabaticpassages may be beneficial in this context, it remained an open question underwhich conditions this is the case and whether their use will be advantageous inpractice. We answer these questions by providing a full analysis, showing thatstate transfer by adiabatic passage -- in contrast to wave packet shaping --can mitigate the effects of undesired cavity losses, far beyond the regime ofcoupling to a single waveguide mode and the regime of lossless waveguides, aswas proposed so far. Furthermore, we show that the photon arrival probabilityis in fact bounded in a trade-off between losses due to non-adiabaticity anddue to coupling to off-resonant waveguide modes. We clarify that neitherprotocol can avoid transmission losses and discuss how the cavity parametersshould be chosen to achieve an optimal state transfer.

Deterministic quantum state transfer between remote qubits in cavities