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The understanding ofmechanical performances andmicroscopic failuremechanisms of cortical bones under service condition is necessary prerequisite of fracture prevention, whichwould support the development of bone tissue engineering and design of bionic bones. By usingminiaturized horizontal in situ compression tester, the effects of both temperature and sampling orientations on the compressive strengths and fracturemorphologies were investigated. The significant difference between fracture strengths and compressive strains at various temperatures indicated that the cortical bonewas sensitive to temperature. Direct experimental evidences revealed the gradually fibrotic trend of fracture surfaces as a function of sampling orientation. Through theHaversian canals distribution analysis, the relationship between the distribution ofHaversian canals and fracture pathwas established. Essentially, the competition between high densityHaversian canals and stress concentration factor determines the initiation and propagation of cracks.

Mechanical properties of cortical bones related to temperature and orientation of Haversian canals