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Superlattice engineering provides the means to reshape the fabric felt byquasiparticles moving in a material. Here we argue that bandstructureengineering with superlattices can be pushed to the extreme limit by stackinggapped van der Waals (vdW) materials on patterned dielectric substrates.Specifically, we find that high quality vdW patterned dielectric superlattices(PDS) realize a series of robust flat bands that can be directly switched onand off by gate voltage in situ. In contrast to existing superlatticeplatforms, these flat bands are realized without the need for fine tuning.Instead, the bands become flat as the gate voltage increases in magnitude. Thecharacteristics of PDS flatbands are highly tunable: the type of flatband(single non-degenerate or dirac-cone-like), localization length, andinteraction energy are sensitive to the applied gate voltage. As a result,electron-electron interactions in the PDS flatbands can become stronger thanboth the bandwidth and disorder broadening, providing a setting for correlatedbehavior such as flatband ferromagnetism. We expect PDS flatbands can beexperimentally realized in a range of readily available gapped vdW materialssuch as monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, e.g. WSe2.

Gate-tunable flat bands in van der Waals patterned dielectric superlattices