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Black phosphorus (BP), a layered van der Waals material, reportedly has aband gap sensitive to external perturbations and manifests a Dirac-semimetalphase when its band gap is closed. Previous studies were focused on effects ofeach perturbation, lacking a unified picture for the band-gap closing and theDirac-semimetal phase. Here, using pseudospins from the glide-reflectionsymmetry, we study the electronic structures of mono- and bilayer BP andconstruct the phase diagram of the Dirac-semimetal phase in the parameter spacerelated to pressure, strain, and electric field. We find that theDirac-semimetal phase in BP layers is singly connected in the phase diagram,indicating the phase is topologically identical regardless of the gap-closingmechanism. Our findings can be generalized to the Dirac semimetal phase inanisotropic layered materials and can play a guiding role in search for a newclass of topological materials and devices.

Dirac-semimetal phase diagram of two-dimensional black phosphorus