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Design Basis and Heat Exchange Process Conclusions  The new Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC) technology employs nano-porous aerogel composites to store large quantities of fluid molecules in a physisorbed solid-state condition at moderate pressures and cryogenic temperatures.  By its design architecture, a CFC device can be “charged” and “discharged” quickly and on-demand according to standby/usage requirements. For example, a CFC device can be designed to store hydrogen for fuel systems, nitrogen for refrigeration systems, or oxygen for life support systems.  Test the feasibility of applying the CFC technology to closed-circuit escape respirators (CCERs)  The CFC Oxygen Storage Module stores oxygen in solid-state form, according to physisorption processes at any cryogenic temperature, and deliver it as a gas upon demand.  Gaseous oxygen (GO2) is admitted into the breathing loop of the CCER by introducing heat into the module.  Potentially replacing the gaseous or chemical based oxygen supply used in today’s closed-circuit respirators (CCRs), the new device is a high-capacity, conformal, small-size solution for future life support equipment. In particular, are the CCER devices that must to be carried on the person, ready to be quickly deployed and used for escape in an emergency.  Test data for physisorption of oxygen in aerogel materials and CFC core modules are presented and basic operational parameters for charging and discharging are summarized through prototype testing of the cryogenic oxygen storage module.  The CFC device is an energy system for the storage (charging) and un-storage (discharging) of fluids in a practical way. The stored energy in this case is represented by fluid molecules accumulated in a solid-state manner. Solid-state in this context means that the fluid atoms or molecules are physically bonded within the pores of a meso-porous or nano-porous storage media.  A CFC device, for an effective means of storing and un-storing O2 molecules, is being developed for new CCER. The O2 molecules can be liquid or gas coming in and will always be gas coming out. Problems with liquid behavior such as sloshing or liquid level management are avoided because the fluid is stored in a physisorbed state that is not liquid, no matter the density or temperature.  Three chief design problems for the module are summarized as follows: 1) stand-by (ambient heat leak), 2) capacity for one hour at a nominal withdrawal rate of 1.35 lpm oxygen, and 3) regulation of demand from 0.5 to 3.0 lpm oxygen.  In the stand-by mode the module must be as thermally isolated as possible, but in the discharge mode the heat exchange with the ambient process is needed. As the CO2 scrubber material generates a lot of heat, future module designs may be able to take advantage of this heat to drive the discharge flow rate.

Oxygen storage module with physisorption technology for closed-circuit respirators