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We consider a model of a two-dimensional molecular machine—called Brownian gyrator—that consists of two coordinates coupled to each other and to separate heat baths at temperatures respectively T x and T y . We consider the limit in which one component is passive, because its bath is ‘cold’, T x → 0, while the second is in contact with a ‘hot’ bath, T y > 0, hence it entrains the passive component in a stochastic motion. We derive an asymmetry relation as a function of time, from which time dependent effective temperatures can be obtained for both components. We find that the effective temperature of the passive element tends to a constant value, which is a fraction of T y , while the effective temperature of the driving component grows without bounds, in fact exponentially in time, as the steady-state is approached.

Time-dependence of the effective temperatures of a two-dimensional Brownian gyrator with cold and hot components