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Recent experimental studies have suggested the ratio between T-helper andT-suppressor lymphocytes as an index of immunosuppression in HIV, cancer,immunosenescence and inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. However, aquantitative understanding of the impact of this ratio on the immune responsehas lagged behind data and its validity as a tool for prognostic monitoring ortherapeutic target remains an open question. In this work, we use statisticalphysics and dynamical systems approaches to analyze the time-dependent responseto an antigen, of a simplified model of the adaptive immune system, whichcomprises B, T-helper and T-suppressor lymphocytes. The model is remarkablyrobust against changes in the noise level and kinetic parameters, but it isvery sensitive to changes in the ratio between T-helper and T-suppressorlymphocytes, exhibiting, in particular, a transition from a responsive to animmuno-suppressed phase, as the ratio is lowered below a critical value, whichis in line with experiments. This result supports the validity of theT-helper/T-suppressor ratio as an index of immunosuppression and may provide auseful theoretical benchmark to interpret and compare experiments.

The role of T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in the adaptive immune response: a dynamical model