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Extratropical cyclones are the dominant weather pattern in themidlatitudes and cause up to 80%of precipitation extremes in some regions of Europewith a large societal and economical impact. Using a regional climatemodel and a cyclone-tracking algorithm,we study how idealized deforestation and afforestation of Europe affect long-term changes in the number and intensity of cyclones, and their effects on precipitation. The number of cyclones over Europe is smaller for afforestation compared to deforestation, with differences starting from10% in regions near thewest European coast and increasing towards the east to reach 80%. This decrease is caused by the larger surface roughness in afforestation. Thewinter precipitation extremes are considerably reducedwith afforestation, without a large decrease inmean precipitation because of the balancing effect of increasedweak andmoderate precipitation. Themean precipitation increases over central and southern Europe as a result of the summer precipitation increase caused by larger evapotranspiration and access to deeper soilmoisture in the presence of trees. These different region-specific effects of afforestation are generally positive and could provide an importantmitigation tool in a changing climate.

Afforestation reduces cyclone intensity and precipitation extremes over Europe