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Information about past volcanic impact on climate is mostly derived from historic documentarydata and sulfate depositions in polar ice sheets. Although these archives have providedimportant insights into the Earth’s volcanic eruption history, the climate forcing and exact datingof many events is still vague. Here we apply a new method of break detection to the firstmillennium-length maximum latewood density reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere summertemperatures to develop an alternative record of large volcanic eruptions. The analysis returnsfourteen outstanding cooling events, all of which agree well with recently developed volcanicforcing records from high-resolution bipolar ice cores. In some cases, however, the climaticimpact detected with our new method peaks in neighboring years, likely due to either datingerrors in the polar ice cores or uncertainty in the interpretation of atmospheric aerosol transportto polar ice core locations. The most apparent mismatches between forcing and coolingestimates occur in the 1450s and 1690s. Application of the algorithm to two additional andrecently developed reconstructions that blend maximum latewood density and ring width datareproduces twelve of the detected events among which eight are retrieved in all three of thedendroclimatic reconstructions. Collectively, the new estimates of volcanic activity with preciseage control provide independent evidence for forcing records during the last millennium.Evaluating the cooling magnitude in response to detected events yields an upper benchmarkfor the volcanic impact on climate. The average response to the ten major events in the densityderived reconstruction is -0.60 ± 0.13°C. Other last millennium temperature records fromproxies and model simulations reveal higher cooling estimates, which is, to some degree,related to the very different high frequency variance in these timeseries

A new archive of large volcanic events over the past millennium derived from reconstructed summer temperatures