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Resource diffusion is an ubiquitous phenomenon, but how it impacts epidemicspreading has received little study. We propose a model that couples epidemicspreading and resource diffusion in multiplex networks. The spread of diseasein a physical contact layer and the recovery of the infected nodes are bothstrongly dependent upon resources supplied by their counterparts in the sociallayer. The generation and diffusion of resources in the social layer are inturn strongly dependent upon the state of the nodes in the physical contactlayer. Resources diffuse preferentially or randomly in this model. To quantifythe degree of preferential diffusion, a bias parameter that controls theresource diffusion is proposed. We conduct extensive simulations and find thatthe preferential resource diffusion can change phase transition type of thefraction of infected nodes. When the degree of interlayer correlation is belowa critical value, increasing the bias parameter changes the phase transitionfrom double continuous to single continuous. When the degree of interlayercorrelation is above a critical value, the phase transition changes frommultiple continuous to first discontinuous and then to hybrid. We findhysteresis loops in the phase transition. We also find that there is an optimalresource strategy at each fixed degree of interlayer correlation where thethreshold reaches a maximum and under which the disease can be maximallysuppressed. In addition, the optimal controlling parameter increases as thedegree of inter-layer correlation increases.

Optimal resource diffusion for suppressing disease spreading in multiplex networks