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A triggering mechanism responsible for the explosive onset of edge localisedmodes (ELMs) in fusion plasmas is identified by performing, for the first time,non-linear magnetohydrodynamic simulations of repetitive type-I ELMs. Brieflyprior to the ELM crash, destabilising and stabilising terms are affected atdifferent timescales by an increasingly ergodic magnetic field caused bynon-linear interactions between the axisymmetric background plasma and growingnon-axisymmetric perturbations. The separation of timescales prompts theexplosive, i.e. faster than exponential, growth of an ELM crash which lasts${\sim}$ 500 ${\mu}$s. The duration and size of the simulated ELM crashescompare qualitatively well with type-I ELMs in ASDEX Upgrade. As expected fortype-I ELMs, a direct proportionality between the heating power in thesimulations and the ELM repetition frequency is obtained. The simulationspresented here are a major step forward towards predictive modelling of ELMsand of the assessment of mitigation techniques in ITER and other futuretokamaks.

Non-linear extended MHD simulations of type-I edge localised mode cycles in ASDEX Upgrade and their underlying triggering mechanism