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The Atacama Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Phasing Project (APP) hasdeveloped and deployed the hardware and software necessary to coherently sumthe signals of individual ALMA antennas and record the aggregate sum in VeryLong Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Data Exchange Format. These beamformingcapabilities allow the ALMA array to collectively function as the equivalent ofa single large aperture and participate in global VLBI arrays. The inclusion ofphased ALMA in current VLBI networks operating at (sub)millimeter wavelengthsprovides an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity, as well asenhancements in u-v coverage and north-south angular resolution. Theavailability of a phased ALMA enables a wide range of new ultra-high angularresolution science applications, including the resolution of supermassive blackholes on event horizon scales and studies of the launch and collimation ofastrophysical jets. It also provides a high-sensitivity aperture that may beused for investigations such as pulsar searches at high frequencies. This paperprovides an overview of the ALMA Phasing System design, implementation, andperformance characteristics.

The ALMA Phasing System: A Beamforming Capability for Ultra-High-Resolution Science at (Sub)Millimeter Wavelengths