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It has been recently claimed by two different groups that the spectralmodulation observed in gamma rays from Galactic pulsars and supernova remnantscan be due to conversion of photons into ultra-light axion-like-particles(ALPs) in large-scale Galactic magnetic fields. While we show the requiredbest-fit photon-ALP coupling, $g_{a\gamma} \sim 2 \times 10^{-10}$GeV${}^{-1}$, to be consistent with constraints from observations ofphoton-ALPs mixing in vacuum, this is in conflict with other bounds,specifically from the CAST solar axion limit, from the helium-burning lifetimein globular clusters, and from the non-observations of gamma rays incoincidence with SN 1987A. In order to reconcile these different results, wepropose that environmental effects in matter would suppress the ALP productionin dense astrophysical plasma, allowing to relax previous bounds and make themcompatible with photon-ALP conversions in the low-density Galactic medium. Ifthis explanation is correct, the claimed ALP signal would be on the reach ofnext-generations laboratory experiments such as ALPS II.

Reconciling hints on axion-like-particles from high-energy gamma rays with stellar bounds