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Antibaryons are produced in our Galaxy in collisions of high energy cosmicrays with the interstellar medium and in old supernova remnants, and possibly,in exotic sources such as primordial black hole evaporation or dark matterannihilations and decays. The search for signals from exotic sources inantiproton data is hampered by large backgrounds from spallation which, withintheoretical errors, can solely account for the current data. Due to the higherenergy threshold for antideuteron production, which translates into asuppression of the low energy flux from spallations, antideuteron searches havebeen proposed as a probe for exotic sources. We perform in this paper acomprehensive analysis of the antideuteron fluxes at the Earth expected fromknown and hypothetical sources in our Galaxy, and we calculate their maximalvalues consistent with current antiproton data from AMS-02. We find thatsupernova remnants generate a negligible flux, whereas primordial black holeevaporation and dark matter annihilations or decays may dominate the total fluxat low energies. On the other hand, we find that the detection of cosmicantideuterons would require, for the scenarios studied in this paper andassuming optimistic values of the coalescence momentum and solar modulation, anincrease of the experimental sensitivity compared to ongoing and plannedinstruments by at least a factor of 2. Finally, we briefly comment on theprospects for antihelium-3 detection.

Antideuterons in cosmic rays: sources and discovery potential