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In this Letter, we investigate the potential power of the Cosmic Mach Number(CMN), which is the ratio between the mean velocity and the velocity dispersionof galaxies as a function of cosmic scales, to constrain cosmologies. We firstmeasure the CMN from 5 catalogues of galaxy peculiar velocity surveys at lowredshift (0.002<z<0.03), and use them to contrast cosmological models. Overall,current data is consistent with the WMAP7 LCDM model. We find that the CMN ishighly sensitive to the growth of structure on scales 0.01<k<0.1 h/Mpc inFourier space. Therefore, modified gravity models, and models with massiveneutrinos, in which the structure growth generally deviates from that in theLCDM model in a scale-dependent way, can be well differentiated from the LCDMmodel using future CMN data.

Cosmic Mach Number: A Sensitive Probe for the Growth of Structure