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Core-collapse supernova neutrinos undergo a variety of phenomena when theytravel from the high neutrino density region and large matter densities to theEarth. We perform analytical calculations of the supernova neutrino fluxesincluding collective effects due to the neutrino-neutrino interactions, theMikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect due to the neutrino interactions withthe background matter and decoherence of the wave packets as they propagate inspace. We predict the numbers of one- and two-neutron charged andneutral-current electron-neutrino scattering on lead events. We show that, dueto the energy thresholds, the ratios of one- to two-neutron events aresensitive to the pinching parameters of neutrino fluxes at the neutrinosphere,almost independently of the presently unknown neutrino properties. Besides,such events have an interesting sensitivity to the spectral split features thatdepend upon the presence/absence of energy equipartition among neutrinoflavors. Our calculations show that a lead-based observatory like the HeliumAnd Lead Observatory (HALO) has the potential to pin down importantcharacteristics of the neutrino fluxes at the neutrinosphere, and provide uswith information on the neutrino transport in the supernova core.

The neutrino signal at HALO: learning about the primary supernova neutrino fluxes and neutrino properties