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We investigate the effects of the sign of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling(RSOC) on electron transmission through a single-channel Nanowire (NW) in thequantum coherent regime. We show that, while for a finite length NW withhomogeneous RSOC contacted to two electrodes the sign of its RSOC does notaffect electron transport, the situation can be quite different in the presenceof an inhomogeneous RSOC and a magnetic field applied along the NW axis. Byanalyzing transport across an interface between two regions of different RSOCwe find that, if the two regions have equal RSOC signs, the transmission withinthe magnetic gap energy range is almost perfect, regardless of the ratio of thespin-orbit energies to the Zeeman energy. In contrast, when the two regionshave opposite RSOC signs and are Rashba-dominated, the transmission getssuppressed. Furthermore, we discuss the implementation on a realistic NW setupwhere two RSOC regions are realized with suitably coupled gates separated by afinite distance. We find that the low-temperature NW conductance exhibits acrossover from a short distance behavior that strongly depends on the relativeRSOC sign of the two regions to a large distance oscillatory behavior that isindependent of such relative sign. We are thus able to identify the conditionswhere the NW conductance mainly depends on the sign of the RSOC and the oneswhere only the RSOC magnitude matters.

Electron transport in quantum channels with spin-orbit interaction: Effects of the sign of the Rashba coupling and applications to nanowires