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Free-electron lasers (FELs) have been built ranging in wavelength fromlong-wavelength oscillators using partial wave guiding through ultravioletthrough hard x-ray FELs that are either seeded or start from noise (SASE).Operation in the x-ray spectrum has relied on single-pass SASE due either tothe lack of seed lasers or difficulties in the design of x-ray mirrors.However, recent developments in the production of diamond crystal Braggreflectors point the way to the design of regenerative amplifiers (RAFELs)which are, essentially, low-Q x-ray free-electron laser oscillators (XFELOs)that out-couple a large fraction of the optical power on each pass. A RAFELusing a six-mirror resonator providing out-coupling of 90% or more through apinhole in the first downstream mirror is proposed and analyzed using theMINERVA simulation code for the undulator interaction and the OpticsPropagation Code (OPC) for the resonator. MINERVA/OPC has been used in the pastto simulate infrared FEL oscillators. For the present purpose, OPC has beenmodified to treat Bragg reflection from diamond crystal mirrors. The six-mirrorresonator design has been analyzed within the context of the LCLS-II beamlineunder construction at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and using the HXRundulator which is also to be installed on the LCLS-II beamline. Simulationshave been run to optimize and characterize the properties of the RAFEL, andindicate that substantial powers are possible at the fundamental (3.05 keV) andthird harmonic (9.15 keV).

An X-Ray Regenerative Amplifier Free-Electron Laser Using Diamond Pinhole MIrrors