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The high-Tc superconducting (HTS) dynamo is a promising device that caninject large DC supercurrents into a closed superconducting circuit. This isparticularly attractive to energise HTS coils in NMR/MRI magnets andsuperconducting rotating machines without the need for connection to a powersupply via current leads. It is only very recently that quantitativelyaccurate, predictive models have been developed which are capable of analysingHTS dynamos and explain their underlying physical mechanism. In this work, wepropose to use the HTS dynamo as a new benchmark problem for the HTS modellingcommunity. The benchmark geometry consists of a permanent magnet rotating pasta stationary HTS coated-conductor wire in the open-circuit configuration,assuming for simplicity the 2D (infinitely long) case. Despite this geometricsimplicity the solution is complex, comprising time-varyingspatially-inhomogeneous currents and fields throughout the superconductingvolume. In this work, this benchmark problem has been implemented using severaldifferent methods, including H-formulation-based methods, coupled H-A and T-Aformulations, the Minimum Electromagnetic Entropy Production method, andintegral equation and volume integral equation-based equivalent circuitmethods. Each of these approaches show excellent qualitative and quantitativeagreement for the open-circuit equivalent instantaneous voltage and thecumulative time-averaged equivalent voltage, as well as the current density andelectric field distributions within the HTS wire at key positions during themagnet transit. A critical analysis and comparison of each of the modellingframeworks is presented, based on the following key metrics: number of meshelements in the HTS wire, total number of mesh elements in the model, number ofdegrees of freedom (DOFs), tolerance settings and the approximate time takenper cycle for each model.

A new benchmark problem for electromagnetic modelling of superconductors: the high-Tc superconducting dynamo