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The Galactic Center of the Milky Way, thanks to its proximity, allows toperform astronomical observations that investigate physical phenomena at theedge of astrophysics and fundamental physics. As such, it offers a uniquelaboratory to probe gravity, where one can not only test the basic predictionsof General Relativity, but is also able to falsify theories that, over time,have been proposed to modify or extend General Relativity; to test differentparadigms of dark matter; and to place constraints on putative models that havebeen formulated as alternatives to the standard black hole paradigm in GeneralRelativity. In this review we provide a general overview of the history ofobservations of the Galactic Center, emphasizing the importance, in particularon the smallest-observable scales, that they had in opening a new avenue toimprove our understanding of the underlying theory of gravity in thesurrounding of a supermassive compact object.

The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter