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We present a microscopic mechanism that accounts for the outward burst of"cold" ion species (IS) in a high-energy particle track due to coupling with''hot" non-ion species (NIS). IS refers to radiolysis products of ionizedmolecules, whereas NIS refers to non-ionized excitations of molecules in amedium. The interaction is mediated by a quantized field of acoustic phonons, achannel that allows conversion of thermal energy of NIS to kinetic energy ofIS, a flow of heat from the outer to the inner core of the track structure. Wedemonstrate the coexistence of "hot" NIS with "cold" IS in the radiation trackstructures right after their generation. NIS, concentrated within nano-scalesvolumes wrapping around IS, are the main source of intensive heat-waves and theoutward burst of IS due to femto-second time scale IS-NIS coupling. Bycomparing the transport of IS coupled to NIS with identical configurations ofnon-interacting IS in thermal equilibrium at room temperature, we demonstratethat the energy gain of IS due to the surrounding hot nanoscopic volumes of NISsignificantly increases their effective diffusion constants. The much higherdiffusion constants predicted in the present model suggest higher inter-trackchemical reaction rates at FLASH-UHDR, as well as lower intra-track reactionrates.

The effect of non-ionizing excitations on the diffusion of ion species and inter-track correlations in FLASH ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy