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Talbot(-Lau) interferometric X-ray darkfield imaging has, over the pastdecade, gained substantial interest for its ability to provide insights into asample's microstructure below the imaging resolution by means of ultra smallangle scattering effects. Quantitative interpretations of such images depend onmodels of the signal origination process that relate the observable imagecontrast to underlying physical processes. A review of such models is givenhere and their relation to the wave optical derivations by Yashiro et al. andLynch et al. as well as to small angle X-ray scattering is discussed. Fresnelscaling is introduced to explain the characteristic distance dependenceobserved in cone beam geometries. Moreover, a model describing the anisotropicsignals of fibrous objects is derived. The Yashiro-Lynch model isexperimentally verified both in radiographic and tomographic imaging in amonochromatic synchrotron setting, considering both the effects of material andpositional dependence of the resulting darkfield contrast. The effect ofvarying sample-detector distance on the darkfield signal is shown to benon-negligible for tomographic imaging, yet can be largely compensated for bysymmetric acquisition trajectories. The derived orientation dependence of thedarkfield contrast of fibrous materials both with respect to variations inautocorrelation width and scattering cross section is experimentally validatedusing carbon fiber reinforced rods.

physics in medicine and biology/physics in medicine and biology

Review and experimental verification of X-ray darkfield signal  interpretations with respect to quantitative isotropic and anisotropic  darkfield computed tomography