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In this paper, we consider a generalized model of $2\times 2$ Keller-Segel system with nonlinear chemical gradient and small cell diffusion. The existence of the traveling pulses for such equations is established by the methods of geometric singular perturbation (GSP in short) and trapping regions from dynamical systems theory. By the technique of GSP, we show that the necessary condition for the existence of traveling pulses is that their limiting profiles with vanishing diffusion can only consist of the slow flows on the critical manifold of the corresponding algebraic-differential system. We also consider the linear instability of these pulses by the spectral analysis of the linearized operators.

Existence and instability of traveling pulses of Keller–Segel system with nonlinear chemical gradients and small diffusions