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Spatial models where growth is limited to the edge of the expansions havebeen instrumental to understand the population dynamics and the clone sizedistribution in growing cellular populations, such as microbial colonies andavascular tumours. A complete characterization of the coalescence processgenerated by spatial growth is still lacking, limiting our ability to applyclassic population genetics inference to spatially growing populations. Here,we start filling this gap by investigating the statistical properties of thecell lineages generated by the two dimensional Eden model, leveraging theirphysical analogy with directed polymers. Our analysis provides quantitativeestimates for population measurements that can easily be assessed viasequencing, such as the average number of segregating sites and the clone sizedistribution of a subsample of the population. Our results not only revealremarkable features of the genealogies generated during growth, but alsohighlight new properties that can be misinterpreted as signs of selection ifnon-spatial models are inappropriately applied.

Branching structure of genealogies in spatially growing populations and its implications for population genetics inference