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Insulating granular aluminum is one of the proto-typical disorderedinsulators whose low temperature electrical conductance exhibits ubiquitousnon-equilibrium phenomena. These include slow responses to temperature or gatevoltage changes, characteristic field effect anomalies and ageing phenomenatypical of a glass. In this system the influence of temperature on the glassydynamics has remained elusive, leading to the belief that the slow relaxationsessentially proceed via elastic quantum tunneling. A similar situation was metin insulating indium oxide and it was concluded that in high carrier densityAnderson insulators, electrons form a quantum glass phase. In this work weexperimentally demonstrate that thermal effects do play a role and that theslow dynamics in granular aluminum is subject to thermal activation. We showhow its signatures can be revealed and activation energy distributions can beextracted, providing a promising grasp on the nature of the microscopicmechanism at work in glassy Anderson insulators. We explain why some of theexperimental protocols previously used in the literature fail to reveal thermalactivation in these systems. Our results and analyses call for a reassessmentof the emblematic case of indium oxide, and question the existence of a quantumglass in any of the systems studied so far.

Evidence for thermal activation in the glassy dynamics of insulating granular aluminum conductance