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We study the dependence of the normalized moments of the net-protonmultiplicity distributions on the definition of centrality in relativisticnuclear collisions at a beam energy of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}= 7.7$ GeV. Usingthe UrQMD model as event generator we find that the centrality definition has alarge effect on the extracted cumulant ratios. Furthermore we find that thefinite efficiency for the determination of the centrality introduces anadditional systematic uncertainty. Finally, we quantitatively investigate theeffects of event-pile up and other possible spurious effects which may changethe measured proton number. We find that pile-up alone is not sufficient todescribe the data and show that a random double counting of events, addingsignificantly to the measured proton number, affects mainly the higher ordercumulants in most central collisions.

Higher order net-proton number cumulants dependence on the centrality definition and other spurious effects