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In this work a method based on self-mixing interferometry (SMI) is presentedfor probing the concentration of plasma plumes induced by multi-pulse laserablation. An analytical model is developed to interpret the single-arminterferometric signal in terms of plasma electron number density. Its timedependence follows a power-law scaling which is determined by concurrenteffects of plume accumulation and propagation. The model has been applied forthe experimental study of plume formation at variable laser pulse frequencieson different materials. The plume expansion dynamics has been observed withhigh-speed imaging, and the SMI measurements allowed for a time-resolvedestimation of the electron number density. The intrinsic advantages of the SMItechnique in terms of robustness and low intrusiveness would allow for itsusage as a fast diagnostic tool for the dynamical scaling of laser-inducedplumes. Moreover it can be easily applied in laser-based manufacturingtechnologies where plasma concentration monitoring and control is important.

Time-resolved quantification of plasma accumulation induced by multi-pulse laser ablation using self-mixing interferometry