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Ultrashort and ultracold electron bunches created by near-thresholdfemtosecond photoionization of a laser-cooled gas hold great promise forsingle-shot ultrafast diffraction experiments. In previous publications thetransverse beam quality and the bunch length have been determined. Here thelongitudinal energy spread of the generated bunches is measured for the firsttime, using a specially developed Wien filter. The Wien filter has beencalibrated by determining the average deflection of the electron bunch as afunction of magnetic field. The measured relative energy spread$\frac{\sigma_{U}}{U} = 0.64 \pm 0.09\%$ agrees well with the theoretical modelwhich states that it is governed by the width of the ionization laser and theacceleration length.

Energy spread of ultracold electron bunches extracted from a laser cooled gas