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We experimentally characterize the optical nonlinear response of a coldatomic medium placed inside an optical cavity, and excited to Rydberg states.The excitation to S and D Rydberg levels is carried out via a two-photontransition in an EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) configuration,with a weak (red) probe beam on the lower transition, and a strong (blue)coupling beam on the upper transition. The observed optical nonlinearitiesinduced by S states for the probe beam can be explained using a semi-classicalmodel with van der Waals' interactions. For the D states, it appears necessaryto take into account a dynamical decay of Rydberg excitations into a long-liveddark state. We show that the measured nonlinearities can be explained by usinga Rydberg bubble model with a dynamical decay.

Rydberg-induced optical nonlinearities from a cold atomic ensemble trapped inside a cavity