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Purpose: For Monte Carlo simulation of radiotherapy, x-ray CT number of everysystem needs to be calibrated and converted to mass density and elementalcomposition. This study aims to formulate material properties of body tissuesfor practical two-step conversion from CT number. Methods: We used the latestcompilation on body tissues that constitute reference adult male and female. Weformulated the relations among mass, electron, and elemental densities intopolylines to connect representative tissues, for which we took mass-weightedmean for the tissues in limited density regions. We compared the polylinefunctions of mass density with a bi-line for electron density and broken linesfor elemental densities, which were derived from preceding studies. Results:There was generally high correlation between mass density and the otherdensities except of C, N, and O for light spongiosa tissues occupying 1% ofbody mass. The polylines fitted to the dominant tissues and were generallyconsistent with the bi-line and the broken lines. Conclusions: We haveformulated the invariant relations between mass and electron densities and frommass to elemental densities for body tissues. The formulation enables MonteCarlo simulation in treatment planning practice without additional burden withCT-number calibration.

physics in medicine and biology/physics in medicine and biology

Relationship between mass density, electron density, and elemental  composition of body tissues for Monte Carlo simulation in radiation treatment  planning