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Beam orientation optimization (BOO) is a key component in the process of IMRTtreatment planning. It determines to what degree one can achieve a goodtreatment plan quality in the subsequent plan optimization process. In thispaper, we have developed a BOO algorithm via adaptive l_1 minimization.Specifically, we introduce a sparsity energy function term into our model whichcontains weighting factors for each beam angle adaptively adjusted during theoptimization process. Such an energy term favors small number of beam angles.By optimizing a total energy function containing a dosimetric term and thesparsity term, we are able to identify the unimportant beam angles andgradually remove them without largely sacrificing the dosimetric objective. Inone typical prostate case, the convergence property of our algorithm, as wellas the how the beam angles are selected during the optimization process, isdemonstrated. Fluence map optimization (FMO) is then performed based on theoptimized beam angles. The resulted plan quality is presented and found to bebetter than that obtained from unoptimized (equiangular) beam orientations. Wehave further systematically validated our algorithm in the contexts of 5-9coplanar beams for 5 prostate cases and 1 head and neck case. For each case,the final FMO objective function value is used to compare the optimized beamorientations and the equiangular ones. It is found that, our BOO algorithm canlead to beam configurations which attain lower FMO objective function valuesthan corresponding equiangular cases, indicating the effectiveness of our BOOalgorithm.

Beam Orientation Optimization for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy using Adaptive l1 Minimization