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A model for beam customization with collimators and a range-compensatingfilter based on the phase-space theory for beam transport is presented for dosedistribution calculation in treatment planning of radiotherapy with protons andheavier ions. Independent handling of pencil beams in conventional pencil-beamalgorithms causes unphysical collimator-height dependence in the middle oflarge fields, which is resolved by the framework comprised of generation,transport, collimation, regeneration, range-compensation, and edge-sharpeningprocesses with a matrix of pencil beams. The model was verified to beconsistent with measurement and analytic estimation at a submillimeter level inpenumbra of individual collimators with a combinational-collimated carbon-ionbeam. The model computation is fast, accurate, and readily applicable topencil-beam algorithms in treatment planning with capability of combinationalcollimation to make best use of the beam-customization devices.

Computational modeling of beam-customization devices for heavy-charged-particle radiotherapy