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X-ray cavities are key tracers of mechanical (or radio mode) heating arisingfrom the active galactic nuclei (AGN) in brightest cluster galaxies. We reporton a survey for X-ray cavities in 83 massive, high-redshift (0.4<z<1.2)clusters of galaxies selected by their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signature in theSouth Pole Telescope data. Based on Chandra X-ray images, we find a total of 6clusters having symmetric pairs of surface brightness depressions consistentwith the picture of radio jets inflating X-ray cavities in the intraclustermedium. The majority of these detections are of relatively low significance andrequire deeper follow-up data in order to be confirmed. Further, due to thelimitations of Chandra at high redshift, this search misses small (<10 kpc),unresolved X-ray cavities at high (z>0.5) redshift. Despite these limitations,our results suggest that the power generated by AGN feedback in brightestcluster galaxies has remained unchanged for over half of the age of theUniverse (>7 Gyrs at z=0.8). On average, the detected X-ray cavities havepowers of 0.8-5*10^45 erg/s, enthalpies of 3-6*10^59 erg, and radii of 17 kpc.Integrating over 7 Gyrs, we find that the supermassive black holes in thebrightest cluster galaxies may have accreted 10^8 to several 10^9M_sun ofmaterial to power these outflows. This level of accretion indicates thatsignificant supermassive black hole growth may occur not only at early times,in the quasar era, but at late times as well. We also find that X-ray cavitiesat high-redshift may inject an excess heat of 0.1-1.0 keV per particle into thehot intracluster medium above and beyond the energy needed to offset cooling.This value is similar to the energy needed to preheat clusters, breakself-similarity, and explain the excess entropy in hot atmospheres.

X-ray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters of galaxies: Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z=1.2