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Background: A cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients presenting to a quaternary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa over a period of one year was identified and morphological analyses of their bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies (BMAT) undertaken.Aim: To compare and contrast the bone marrow morphological features of antiretroviral (ARV)-naive and ARV-experienced HIV-positive population with cytopaenias; correlate the findings with CD4 counts; and, draw conclusions on whether ARV are associated with specific bone marrow (BM) findings.Method: Aspirate and trephine biopsy examinations to assess dysplasia of cell lineages, architectural changes, granulomas or infiltrates were performed by light microscopy.Results: 74 BMAT were examined, of which 24 were from the ARV-naive cohort and 50 from ARV-treated cohort. Within granulomas, higher rates of marrow infiltration by acid-fast bacilli was present in the ARV-naive cohort than the ARV-experienced cohort (6/10 (60%) versus 9/2...

southern african journal of infectious diseases

Retrospective comparison of cytological and histological bone marrow morphology in adult antiretroviral-naïve and antiretroviral experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with peripheral blood cytopaenias