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Anemia is prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Data about factors associated with medication non-adherence in anemic HD patients is limited. This study examined determinants of medication non-adherence and its association with achievement of therapeutic goals of anemia measures among HD patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative group of HD patients in Jordan. Medication adherence was assessed using Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGL). Other utilized instruments were modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI), general Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) EQ-5D-5 L, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Pharmacy claim data during the years of (2016–2017) were also retrieved from patients’ medical records. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with medication non-adherence and achieving therapeutic goals of anemia therapy. More than two-thirds of the participants (69.1%) were found non-adherent and the mean score of MGL scale was 2.4 ± 1.4. The non-adherence rate measured using refill data (69.6%) was comparable to that observed using self-reported MGL instrument. Education level of college or over was significantly associated with lower odds of non-adherence (OR = 0.365, p = 0.036), while complaining of a headache was associated with 2.5-fold risk of medication non-adherence (OR = 2.5, p = 0.017). A trend toward better achievement of iron indices therapeutic goals was observed with improved adherence measured using refill data. Multiple factors such as improved knowledge about prescribed medications was significantly associated with achieving anemia therapeutic goals (p &lt; 0.05). The findings suggest poor medication adherence among HD patients with anemia. Future interventions by health-care providers should target modifiable factors to improve medication adherence and, hence, health outcomes among HD patients with anemia.

Medication non-adherence and the achievement of therapeutic goals of anemia therapy among hemodialysis patients in Jordan