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Changes in the oral microbiome may contribute to oral pathologies, especially in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Interactions between oral microbiome and oral mucosa may exacerbate inflammation. We determined whether probiotic-controlled plaque formation could impact proximal oral mucosa gene expression profiles in healthy volunteers. A 3-weeks balanced sample collection design from healthy volunteers (HVs) was implemented. At Week-1 plaques samples and labial mucosa brush biopsies were obtained from HVs in the morning ( N  = 4) and/or in the afternoon ( N  = 4), and groups were flipped at Week-3. A fruit yogurt and tea diet were given 2-4hrs before sample collection. mRNA gene expression analysis was completed using RNA-Seq and DESeq2. Bacterial taxa relative abundance was determined by 16S HOMI NGS . Bacterial diversity changes and metabolic pathway enrichment were determined using PRIMERv7 and LEfSe programs.  Alpha-  and  beta- diversities did not differ morning (AM) vs. afternoon (PM). The most affected KEGG pathway was Toll-like receptor signaling in oral mucosa. Eighteen human genes and nine bacterial genes were differentially expressed in plaque samples. Increased activity for ‘caries-free’ health-associated calcifying  Corynebacterium matruchotii  and reduced activity for  Aggregatibacter aphrophilus , an opportunistic pathogen, were observed. Microbial diversity was not altered after 8 hours plaque formation in healthy individuals as opposed to gene expression.

journal of oral microbiology

Human oral mucosa and oral microbiome interactions following supragingival plaque reconstitution in healthy volunteers: a diet-controlled balanced design proof-of-concept model to investigate oral pathologies