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Pain is a multidimensional experience involving the biological, psychological, and social dimensions of each individual. Particularly, the biological aspects of pain conditions are a response of the neuroimmunology system and the control of painful conditions is a worldwide challenge for researchers. Although years of investigation on pain experience and treatment exist, the high prevalence of chronic pain is still a fact. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. It regulates several metabolic pathways, including lipid biosynthesis and glucose metabolism, when activated. However, PPARγ activation also has a critical immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effect. This review summarizes the evidence of synthetic or natural PPARγ ligands such as 15d-PGJ 2 , epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, thiazolidinediones, and specialized pro-resolving mediators, representing an interesting therapeutic tool for pain control.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and its immunomodulation function: current understanding and future therapeutic implications