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In this research work, the Local Joint Flexibility (LJF) of steel tubular K-joints reinforced with external plates is investigated. In the first step, a nite element (FE) model was generated and verified. In the next step, a set number of 300 FE analysis was carried out to investigated the effect of the stiffener plate size ( η  and  λ ), the angle between brace and chord ( θ ), the joint geometry ( γ ,  τ ,  ξ  and  β ) and the loading conditions (balanced and un-balanced OPB moments) on the LJF factor ( fLJF ) and  fLJF  ratios ( ψ ). The results showed that the  fLJF  of an external plate reinforced K-joint can be down to 26% of the  fLJF  of the corresponding un-reinforced joint. Also, the gap factor ( ξ ) has effect on the  fLJF . Finally, FE results were used to derive two parametric equations for determining the  fLJF  in the strengthened K-joints.

Local joint flexibility of tubular K-joints reinforced with external plates under out of plane bending moments