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Current study examined the protective impact of  Rhodiola rosea  ( R. rosea ) extract on hepatic toxicity markers caused by MSG. MSG induced significant increases in hepatic stress biomarkers. There were significant declines in GSH, catalase and SOD levels, which were accompanied by substantial elevations in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. There was hepatic cellular damage, and upregulation of caspase-3 and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression. The hepatotoxic impacts of MSG were normalized by Rhodiola supplementation.  R. rosea  downregulated caspase-3 and upregulated HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression.  R. rosea  regulated the immunoreactivity of COX-2, TGF-β1, and NFkB genes associated with hepatic toxicity.  R. rosea  extract normalized histopathological changes induced by MSG and restored hepatic architecture.  R. rosea  extract exhibited anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion,  R. rosea  extract is a promising medication against hepatic toxicity induced by MSG, which works by regulating the different signaling pathways of inflammation-, oxidative-stress-, and apoptosis-associated markers.

journal of taibah university for science

Ameliorative impacts of  Rhodiola rosea  against hepatic toxicity induced by monosodium glutamate: role of inflammation-, oxidative-stress-, and apoptosis-associated markers