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During the extraction of fibers from the bast of  A. venetum , there is an issue of the existence of undesirable macromolecules, for example, pectins. Separation of these compounds is mostly done by pretreatment with H 2 SO 4  and then by NaOH boiling in the traditional method (Fiber-C). The use of Sulfuric acid for pretreatment may cause harm to both fibers and the environment. In order to overcome these limitations, attempts were made to find a new pretreatment (Fiber-N) method. The hypothetical premise of the new pretreatment strategy dependent on the use of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3  is presented. Four model solutions were investigated using a method of measuring zeta potential. Furthermore, fibers obtained by pretreatment methods along with the raw fibers of  A. venetum  had been characterized by Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and water retention value (WRV). Results showed that pure salts of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3  presented improved binding properties with the pectin and causes better swelling and eventually helps to remove pectin than other pretreatment processes. Ultimately, Donnan equilibrium, metal ion complex formation, and Gouy–Chapman–Stern (GCS) model were used to theoretically elucidate the discharging mechanism of pectin macromolecules from  A. venetum  in the presence of Al 3+  ions during pretreatment.

Fidelity of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 for the Discharge of Pectin during the Pretreatment of Apocynum Venetum