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A type of tube with corrugated patterns, aiming at inducing extension deformation, was proposed in this paper. Fifteen patterned tubes and one conventional square tube were simulated using the finite element model which was validated by an axial quasi-static compression experiment. The numerical results show that four deformation modes generated, which are closely related to the patterns number and the pattern angle. Tubes deform in  D  mode has the highest energy absorption. The influence of geometric parameters and wall thickness on energy absorption performance was also investigated. A geometric optimization was carried out as well. Deformation mechanism of two of the four modes,  EF  mode and  E  mode, were established and theoretical predictions of mean force were derived. The energy absorptions of different deformation forms were analyzed, and the results show that half of the energy is dissipated by extension deformation in  E  mode but little in  EF  mode.

Theoretical prediction and numerical analysis of axially crushed square tube with induced folding patterns